Understanding Your Credit Score
For most of our (long) life, we baby boomers have assumed that paying our bills on-time has resulted in a good credit score.
However, I’m sorry to report that’s not always the case. There are many mis-perceptions about how scores are calculated. Yours could be lower than you might expect.
Not to be overly didactic, it bears mentioning that credit scores are used by financial institutions to determine whether they should lend you money. But, of more importance, your credit score could determine what interest rate will be charged. A higher score means you are statistically less likely to default on the loan; therefore, you will usually get a lower interest rate. Maintaining a healthy credit score will save you thousands of dollars over your lifetime.
Developed by the Fair Isaac Corporation back in the 1960s. FICO scores are by far the most commonly used to evaluate individuals of credit worthiness. You have three different FICO scores, one for each of the three major credit reporting agencies, Equifax, Experian and Trans Union.
Paying your bills on time only accounts for roughly one-third of your overall FICO score. The reporting agencies also factors four other components: the amount of debt you owe, the length of your credit history, the number of credit accounts you’ve recently opened and the types of credit you use. FICO considers you a lower risk if you have multiple credit accounts, while keep the payments up-to-date, and maintaining balances between 25 percent and 35 percent of your available credit.
Your FICO score doesn’t take into account your net worth or your income. A large number of credit inquiries will lower your score, but the FICO algorithm is smart enough to know when you are rate shopping. Checking your own credit report does not affect your score. Check your score as many times as you’d like.
To learn more about how FICO scores are calculated, visit Fair Isaac’s web site at www.myfico.com.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) requires each of the nationwide consumer reporting companies — Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion — to provide you with a free copy of your credit report, at your request, once every 12 months. The FCRA promotes the accuracy and privacy of information in the files of the nation’s consumer reporting companies. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforces the FCRA with respect to consumer reporting companies.
The three nationwide consumer reporting companies have set up a central website, a toll-free telephone number, and a mailing address through which you can order your free annual report. To order your credit report, for free, visit annualcreditreport.com, call 1-877-322-8228, or complete an Annual Credit Report Request Form and mail it to: Annual Credit Report Request Service, P.O. Box 105281, Atlanta, GA 30348-5281.
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Posted April 30, 2008
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